Piano Lessons- Music Theory Lessons

Welcome to LivingPianos.com! I’m Robert Estrin. Understanding diatonic chords can sound a bit complicated at first, but when you break it down, it’s actually quite simple! This foundational concept can make learning music a seamless experience and help you improvise effortlessly. Let’s dive in and explore what diatonic chords are and why they’re so helpful!

What Are Diatonic Chords?

To understand diatonic chords, you first need a solid grasp of major scales. Everything in music theory builds on a foundation of basic concepts, and understanding scales is similar to knowing your multiplication tables in math. Imagine trying to solve algebra problems without knowing how to multiply. It would be impossible!

The same goes for music. Once you’re comfortable with major scales and key signatures, understanding diatonic chords is easy. If you’re not yet familiar with scales or key signatures, don’t worry—I’ve covered those topics in other videos. But if you’re already confident with them, then you’re ready to tackle diatonic chords, which appear everywhere in music.

The Basics of Diatonic Chords

Let’s start simple. In the key of C major, we begin with the C major scale:

C – D – E – F – G – A – B – C

From this scale, we can build a set of diatonic chords by stacking thirds (every other note) starting from each scale degree. For example:

C major chord (I chord): C – E – G
D minor chord (ii chord): D – F – A
E minor chord (iii chord): E – G – B
F major chord (IV chord): F – A – C
G major chord (V chord): G – B – D
A minor chord (vi chord): A – C – E
B diminished chord (vii° chord): B – D – F

You can also extend this idea to seventh chords (which add another third above the top note of the triad):

I7 chord: C – E – G – B
ii7 chord: D – F – A – C
iii7 chord: E – G – B – D
IV7 chord: F – A – C – E
V7 chord: G – B – D – F
vi7 chord: A – C – E – G
vii°7 chord: B – D – F – A

Diatonic Chords in Other Keys

The concept of diatonic chords is not limited to C major. It applies to any key. Let’s look at D major as an example. The diatonic chords in D major would be built from the D major scale:

D – E – F# – G – A – B – C# – D

The diatonic chords in D major would be:

I chord (D major): D – F# – A
ii chord (E minor): E – G – B
iii chord (F# minor): F# – A – C#
IV chord (G major): G – B – D
V chord (A major): A – C# – E
vi chord (B minor): B – D – F#
vii° chord (C# diminished): C# – E – G

This same principle works in any key. And remember, these chords can be inverted, which simply means you can rearrange the notes of the chord so that a note other than the root is on the bottom.

How Diatonic Chords Help You Learn and Read Music

One of the greatest benefits of understanding diatonic chords is how they simplify reading and learning music. Take Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata, for example. In the third movement, there’s a section where the chords are simply diatonic chords in inversions, as shown here:

The first chord is an F-sharp minor chord (in this case, using the natural minor scale).
The notes in each chord follow the steps of the scale, either going up or down.
When you understand that the notes of each chord simply follow the scale, learning and reading the music becomes so much easier. You’re not just seeing random notes on the page; they’re all related to the scale you’re working in.

A Second Example: Kabalevsky’s Fairy Tale

In this piece, Kabalevsky’s Fairy Tale, you can hear diatonic chords being broken up in a similar way. For instance:

The left hand starts with an E-flat major chord in second inversion (E-flat 6/4) with B-flat on the bottom.
The notes then move step by step through the E-flat major scale, creating a beautiful, flowing progression.
This stepwise movement through the scale makes it easier to understand and internalize the music, as it’s based on diatonic harmony.

Improvising with Diatonic Chords

Once you understand diatonic chords, you’ll find it much easier to improvise. For example, in the key of C major, you can create progressions by playing the diatonic chords in various orders. You can even add seventh chords to give your improvisation a richer sound.

Similarly, you can apply this approach to any key. In D major, you might play a progression using the diatonic seventh chords, such as DM7 (I7) and Em7 (ii7), to create a smooth, harmonious feel. The beauty of diatonic chords is that you can transpose them easily to any key, making your improvisation seamless and natural.

Understanding diatonic chords is an essential tool for any musician.

Understanding diatonic chords helps you read music more easily, makes learning pieces less intimidating, and opens up new possibilities for improvisation. The key is building a solid foundation with major scales and key signatures, which will allow you to navigate diatonic chords effortlessly.

Welcome to LivingPianos.com! I’m Robert Estrin. As a pianist, there are certain pieces of music that serve as wonderful “gateway” works—pieces that are accessible yet deeply rewarding, elevating you to a level where you can start to grasp other great piano music. These pieces open doors to a wealth of music that can keep you busy for a lifetime. Today, let’s dive into seven classical pieces that I believe every pianist should learn.

1. Bach’s Two-Part Inventions

A great place to start is with Bach’s Two-Part Inventions. These works are not just for students; they are beautifully crafted pieces that are often performed in concerts. Bach’s inventions might seem simple at first glance, but they are masterful compositions, with brilliant counterpoint and structure. For example, the very first invention, in C, or the F major and A minor inventions, are accessible yet offer so much depth to explore.

If you’re not quite ready for the two-part inventions, don’t worry—there are other Bach pieces that are easier to approach. Try works from the Anna Magdalena Notebook, such as the famous Minuet in G (both the major and minor compositions), or the delightful Musette in D major. These pieces give you a taste of Bach’s genius without feeling overwhelmed.

2. Mozart: Sonata in C Major, K. 545

Once you feel comfortable with Bach, it’s time to move to Mozart. A great choice for beginners is his Sonata in C Major, K. 545. It’s often called the “easy” Mozart sonata, but it’s still an exquisite piece of music and no Mozart is easy! While it’s not as difficult as some of Mozart’s more complex works, it’s a piece that captures the elegance and beauty of Mozart’s style. It’s a wonderful introduction to classical sonatas.

If you’re looking for alternatives, you can skip Mozart and dive into some of Beethoven’s earlier sonatas instead. His Opus 49, No. 1 in G minor and Opus 49, No. 2 in G major are excellent additions. These pieces are approachable and provide a wonderful introduction to Beethoven’s unique harmonic language and emotional depth. They are technically accessible for intermediate pianists, and while they aren’t as difficult as some of his more famous works, they still offer plenty of character and expressive power.

You could also explore Beethoven’s Opus 2, No. 1 in F minor or Opus 10, No. 1 in C minor as well as the E major Opus 14 no 1 and G majo Opus 14 nos 2. These pieces are still relatively manageable but offer a bit more challenge, making them great stepping stones to more advanced Beethoven sonatas.

3. Schumann: Scenes from Childhood

Robert Schumann offers another great avenue for pianists. One of his most famous works, Scenes from Childhood (Kinderszenen), consists of 13 short pieces, each with its own distinct character. These movements are perfect for students because they can be learned individually and still feel like complete works. Some, like “Of Foreign Lands and People,” are gentle and accessible, while others, such as “Träumerei,” are more reflective and beautiful.

Schumann’s music is incredibly rich and offers a variety of emotions and technical challenges without requiring virtuosic technique.

4. Grieg: Lyric Pieces

Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg composed his Lyric Pieces as short, intimate works. The first piece, in particular, is a lovely introduction to Grieg’s style. These pieces are full of beautiful melodies, lush harmonies, and evocative moods. They aren’t too technically demanding, but they will make you feel as if you’ve unlocked a hidden world of expressive music. The Lyric Pieces are a wonderful way to expand your repertoire while playing music that feels timeless.

5. Chopin: Prelude in E minor, Op. 28, No. 4

No list of classical works is complete without Frédéric Chopin. While Chopin is known for his virtuosic pieces that can take years to master, there are still many pieces that are accessible to intermediate pianists. One such piece is the Prelude in E minor, Op. 28, No. 4. It is simple in terms of melody, yet harmonically rich and full of emotional depth. When I first played this piece as a child, I thought it was the most beautiful piece of music in the world, and even now, I still find it deeply moving.

Other accessible Chopin works include the B minor Prelude, which gives pianists the opportunity to explore the left-hand melody, and the A major and C minor Preludes, both of which are also wonderful pieces to learn.

6. Khachaturian: Adagio of Spartacus and Phrygia

Let’s turn to the 20th century for some expressive, yet accessible music by Aram Khachaturian. His work, often titled simply as, Melody, is a beautiful and emotional piece that’s not technically demanding but very rewarding musically. The rich harmonic language and sweeping musical lines make it a joy to play and a perfect addition to any pianist’s repertoire. It’s a fantastic example of the lush romanticism of 20th-century music.

7. Kabalevsky: Fairy Tale, Op. 51, No. 1

Finally, we have Dmitri Kabalevsky’s Fairy Tale, Op. 51, No. 1. This piece is not only accessible for intermediate pianists but also full of charm and whimsy. It’s a delightful example of 20th-century music, and its playful melody and colorful harmonies make it a joy to perform. If you’re looking for a piece that’s both fun and musically fulfilling, this is a great choice.

A Lifetime of Great Music

These seven pieces represent a range of styles and periods, but they all share one thing in common: they are accessible to pianists who are ready to take their playing to the next level. Whether you’re just starting out with Bach’s Two-Part Inventions or diving into Chopin’s Preludes, these works will provide a solid foundation for your musical development. From there, the possibilities are endless. So go ahead and explore these great pieces—and let them be the gateway to a lifetime of beautiful music!

If you’re serious about taking your piano playing to the next level, click the link below for more resources on learning music, refining your skills, and performing with confidence. I’m here to help!

Welcome to LivingPianos.com! I’m Robert Estrin. In my years of teaching, I’ve encountered countless piano students who make the same mistakes over and over again. These errors are so common, and they can hold back your progress if you don’t address them. If you can recognize and avoid these mistakes, your playing will improve significantly. Here are five of the most frequent piano practice mistakes and the best ways to fix them.

1. Correcting, but Not Solidifying Your Progress

One of the most common mistakes pianists make is thinking that correcting an error is enough. You may fix a problem once, but if you don’t solidify that correction, it’s likely to resurface. To really make a lasting change in your playing, you need to practice the correction over and over again until it feels completely natural.

The key to solidifying a correction is repetition. But don’t just repeat it mindlessly—make sure you’re playing comfortably. Sit comfortably and ensure that your shoulders are relaxed. Play the passage until it feels effortless. This is where most pianists fall short: they think they’ve corrected something, but then, when they come back to it later, they slip back into old habits.

Here’s how to tackle this: Once you’ve corrected a mistake, go back a little before that passage and play through the section again, then a little further back, and eventually play from the beginning. By doing this, you’ll reinforce your new way of playing and avoid slipping back into your old habits.

2. Practicing Too Large a Section at Once

Another common mistake is trying to work on too large of a section at one time. When you try to refine an entire phrase or a large chunk of music, it becomes difficult to pinpoint exactly where things are going wrong. Plus, by the time you’ve finished the section, it’s hard to remember where the issues were, let alone fix them effectively.

Instead of practicing long sections, break them down into smaller, more manageable parts. This will allow you to focus on exactly what needs attention and refine things to the point of mastery. Once you’ve nailed the smaller sections, then you can start putting them together.

3. Practicing Too Fast

I can’t emphasize this enough: slow down your practice! Too many people rush through pieces because they want to play them faster. But this is a recipe for insecurity in your playing. You need to find the tempo at which you can play relaxed with security, even if it feels ridiculously slow. This is essential, especially when you’re working to refine your music.

Practicing slowly gives you the opportunity to gain confidence in your playing. It allows you to work through tricky passages without feeling rushed. When you’re comfortable playing slowly, speeding up becomes a natural progression. But if you always push yourself to play faster than you’re ready for, you’ll never achieve true security in your playing.

4. Not Having Clear Objectives

A big mistake many pianists make is practicing without a clear goal in mind. Are you trying to improve your left-hand technique? Bring out the melody more? Fix a fingering issue? If you don’t know exactly what you’re trying to achieve, you’re setting yourself up for failure.

Make sure you have a clear objective for each practice session and know exactly what you’re focusing on at any given moment. This will guide your practice and make it more effective. Whether you’re reviewing, memorizing, or working on a specific technique, knowing your goal is key to achieving it.

5. Not Practicing Performing

This is another mistake that many pianists make: not practicing performing. Playing in a practice session is different from playing in a performance. To simulate the feeling of a performance, set yourself up as if you were actually going to perform. Record yourself on your phone or other device, imagine an audience, and don’t stop playing once you start. This will help you practice staying focused and calm during a performance, and it will expose any areas that might need more work. Don’t just practice in isolation—make sure you also practice performing. Ideally, you can set up small performances for family members or good friends to get the feel of things before venturing to more challenging situations. This will give you the confidence you need when it’s time to play for an audience.

By addressing these mistakes and implementing these strategies, you’ll see a big improvement in your playing!

Welcome to LivingPianos.com! I’m Robert Estrin. When it comes to piano practice, there are countless techniques you can use to improve your playing. Whether it’s practicing with a metronome, developing a system for sight reading, or simply adding variety to your repertoire, there’s always something to work on. But today, I want to focus on three fundamental strategies that are especially useful when you’re having trouble with a specific piece or passage. If you find yourself stuck or struggling with a part of a piece, these three go-to practices are guaranteed to help you overcome those hurdles and improve your performance. Let’s dive into them.

1. Slow Down Your Practice

This might sound like an obvious tip, but it’s one of the most powerful ways to solidify your playing. When you’re struggling with a passage, try slowing down. When you play slowly, you force yourself to concentrate on every note and every detail of your technique. You won’t be able to rely solely on muscle memory. Take the time to look at the score, lift your foot off the pedal, and really engage with the music. Using a metronome can be helpful here. The key is to make sure you’re playing with full awareness. It may feel a bit challenging at first, but slow practice is one of the best ways to refine your playing.

2. Work Hands Separately

Try practicing hands separately. This is a technique you’ve likely used when first learning a piece, but it’s worth returning to even after you’ve been playing through the music for a while. By working on each hand separately on key sections, you can give your brain the space to focus on each hand’s specific movements and nuances.

If you’re having trouble getting both hands together smoothly, practicing each hand on its own can help you build confidence and accuracy. Once each hand is comfortable on its own, putting them back together will feel much more natural. If you’re finding it difficult, don’t hesitate to break things down further. The more solid you are individually with each hand, the more success you’ll have when they come together.

3. Break It Down into Smaller Sections

Finally, when you’re having difficulty with a larger passage or a tricky section, break it down into smaller chunks. Sometimes, trying to tackle an entire section all at once can be overwhelming. Instead, focus on just a few measures, or even a couple of notes at a time. This focused approach allows you to make incremental improvements, building comfort and confidence step by step.

In my own practice, you might even hear me focusing on just two notes at a time—making sure I’m comfortable with the transition from one note to the next before moving forward. It may sound strange, but this level of attention to detail helps me build ease and control in my playing. Mastering small chunks leads to mastery of the entire piece.

The Bottom Line

Remember, these are tried-and-true methods that can be applied to any piece you’re working on. Even legendary pianists like Rachmaninoff practiced slowly and carefully. Ruth Slenczynska, who was a teacher of mine who had the privilege of studying with Rachmaninoff, once recalled an experience when she was waiting outside his studio. She heard someone playing inside and assumed it was a beginner due to the very slow tempo. To her surprise, when the door opened, she discovered that it was Rachmaninoff himself, practicing with incredible slowness and precision. This slow, deliberate approach to practice was a hallmark of his method, and it was key to his exceptional mastery of the piano.

So, the next time you’re facing a difficult section, give these techniques a try. Slow down, work each hand separately, and break passages into manageable chunks. You’ll be amazed at how quickly you can gain control and comfort in your playing!

If you’re serious about taking your piano playing to the next level, click the link below for more resources on learning music, refining your skills, and performing with confidence. I’m here to help!

Welcome to LivingPianos.com! I’m Robert Estrin. Can a supportive community improve your piano playing? This is a question I feel strongly about, as I’ve experienced it firsthand. My journey in music began at a young age, and the support of a community played a huge role in my development. It all started in my father’s music classes, where I had the privilege of not only receiving one-on-one lessons but also participating in weekly classes with other students.

The Power of Playing Together

In those classes, we would play for each other, discuss music theory, and learn from one another. It was a truly invigorating experience. I can’t begin to tell you how instrumental those sessions were for my growth as a pianist. The camaraderie of playing alongside other students, the support we gave each other, and the opportunity to learn from our peers created an environment that was incredibly motivating and inspiring. That sense of connection and shared purpose pushed me to refine my playing and keep striving to improve.

The Impact of Masterclasses

My experiences didn’t stop there. As I continued my studies, I was fortunate to have more opportunities to learn from some truly incredible musicians. In high school, I spent time at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, Austria, where I had the chance to participate in masterclasses for both piano and French horn. These masterclasses were not only an opportunity to work with brilliant artists, but they also gave me a chance to see how the masters interacted with their students.

The group dynamic in these sessions was just as valuable as the individual lessons. Watching how the teachers guided their students and observing their progress was eye-opening. It allowed me to gain insights that I wouldn’t have had in a one-on-one lesson. A light bulb would often go off in my head as I connected with the struggles and breakthroughs of others. The support from fellow students, as well as the shared learning experience, was incredibly valuable. It was truly transformational.

A Synergy of Growth

I’ve had the privilege of attending many masterclasses, including ones with Byron Janis at Indiana University’s Jacobs School of Music, John Ogden, Ruth Slenczynska, Constance Keene, and James Tocco. Each of these experiences reinforced the power of community in music. There’s a special synergy that happens when a group of musicians come together to learn and grow. It’s not just about individual feedback or learning new techniques; it’s about the collective energy and inspiration that arises from being part of a community.

Building a Community to Transform Your Playing