Welcome to LivingPianos.com—I’m Robert Estrin. If you’ve ever heard a Neapolitan sixth chord and thought, “Wow, that sounds unique and interesting!”—you’re not alone. This particular chord has a rich, striking sound that adds a beautiful touch to many pieces of music. Let’s break down what a Neapolitan sixth chord is, and how it’s used in different musical contexts.
What is the Neapolitan Sixth?
The Neapolitan sixth chord is a major triad built on the flattened second degree of a scale, in its first inversion. To explain it more clearly, let’s break it down:
Start with a major scale—let’s use C major for simplicity.
The second note of the C major scale is D. If we flatten this note, it becomes D-flat.
Build a major triad using the D-flat as the root. The notes of the triad would be D-flat, F, and A-flat.
Now, place the third of this triad (F) in the bass, which puts the chord in its first inversion.
And there you have it: the Neapolitan sixth chord. It’s a major chord built on the flatted second degree of the scale, with the third of the chord in the bass.
How Does the Neapolitan Sixth Work in C Major?
You might be wondering, “Why is this D-flat major chord showing up in the key of C major?” It may seem out of place at first, but that’s the beauty of the Neapolitan sixth—it adds an unexpected color to the harmony. In classical music, the Neapolitan sixth is often used to create tension before resolving to more familiar chords like the dominant or tonic.
Using the Neapolitan Sixth in a Chord Progression
Let’s take a classic chord progression in C major to demonstrate how the Neapolitan sixth works in context. Consider the following:
I chord (C major)
IV chord (F major)
I6/4 chord (C major in second inversion with G on the bottom)
V7 chord (G7)
I chord (C major)
In many cases, you can substitute the IV chord with the Neapolitan sixth. This adds an extra layer of richness to the progression, as the Neapolitan sixth brings in an unexpected harmonic twist. Here’s how it works:
Start with the C major chord.
Next, instead of going to the F major (IV chord), move to the Neapolitan sixth.
Move to the V7 chord (G7)
Finally, resolve to I, the C major chord
A Different Sound from the Typical Progression
Take a moment to compare how the Neapolitan sixth sounds next to the more common IV chord or even the ii6 chord (the second inversion of the ii chord). You’ll notice the Neapolitan sixth adds a unique flavor, a richer and more dramatic shift in color. It’s like a special spice in your musical stew, enhancing the harmonic complexity.
Finding the Neapolitan Sixth in Your Music
If you come across a chord that sounds unusual or unexpected, it could very well be a Neapolitan sixth. Here’s how to identify it:
Find the key of the piece you’re playing.
Identify the second note of the scale.
Flatten that second note (go a half-step down).
Build a major triad on the flattened note.
Put the third of the triad in the bass, which will put the chord in first inversion.
You can do this in any key! If you’re in E major, for instance, the Neapolitan sixth would be built on F (the flatted second note), and would contain the notes F, A, and C. Put the A on the bottom (1st inversion), and you have the Neapolitan sixth chord in E major.
A Powerful Tool
The Neapolitan sixth is a powerful tool in music that you’ll encounter more often than you might realize once you start listening for it. It’s a chord that brings richness and unexpected beauty to music. Try it out in your own playing and see how it transforms the color of your music.
Have you ever used the Neapolitan sixth in your own work? Let me know in the comments! If you want to take your piano playing to the next level, check out the Living Piano Mastermind Club. Thanks for joining me!