Tag Archives: music lessons

Why Do They Write E Sharps and C Flats?

 

This is a really interesting question. Sometimes you will see E sharps or C flats written in music and you might wonder why they just don’t write F or B instead – after all, an E sharp is an F and a C flat is a B on a piano. So why add this level of complexity?

 

Let’s start by exploring the foundations of Western Music. For most of us the music we are familiar with is founded upon the principles in Western Music. Everything from Rock to Pop to Symphonies utilizes the same aspects of being built upon scales.

 

What are scales exactly? Musical Scales are a series of whole steps and half steps that have all the notes (letter names) in order. For example, here is a C major scale:

 

 

When you see these string of notes together you should recognize that they are Diatonic, which means they are all built on the interval of a second. In other words, one letter to the next letter, line to space, space to line consecutively.

 

For more information on scales we have a series of in-depth videos on this topic:

 

What is a Major Scale?

 

How Many Musical Scales Are There?

 

What is a Relative Minor Scale?

 

What is a Chromatic Scale?

 

What are Pentatonic Scales?

 

What are Whole Tone Scales?

 

So let’s get back to the topic at hand. Why is it a good idea to sometimes have E sharp instead of F or C flat instead of B written in your music?

 

Let’s say for example you had a piece in C-sharp major:

 

 

As you can see, it has all the same letters as a C major scale and we happen to have an E# in there as well instead of F. It would look pretty weird on paper if the notes were C# D# F F# G# A# B# C# wouldn’t it? In cases like the one above it is much easier to decipher the notes if they are written diatonically.

 

Let’s examine this same topic when it comes to chords. Chords are built on the interval of 3rds (for more information you can see our video: What is a Chord?). To put it in simple terms, chords are built upon the interval of a 3rd which are two letters apart – all lines or all spaces. So for example, here is a C major chord:

 

 

So if you had a C# major chord it would look like this:

 

 

And the same principle applies as the one above. It’s much easier to comprehend the chord written with an E# rather than an F. It makes more sense and is more digestible on the page. It is instantly recognizable as a chord.

 

Hopefully this clarifies the concept of why E sharps and C flats are (and other accidentals which are white keys) are easier to read than their enharmonic equivalent spellings.

 

Thanks again for joining us here at Living Pianos, if you have any questions or comments please feel free to contact us directly: info@LivingPianos.com or (949) 244-3729.

How to Practice the Piano Part 1 – Memorizing Music

How To Practice the Piano

3 Part Series

There are 3 separate skills in learning to play the piano:

• Memorizing

• Sight Reading

• Improvising

You can become quite proficient in one or two of these skills and be completely deficient in others. It is necessary to take a unique approach to develop each of these skills. The biggest mistake you can make is to not be clear as to which skill you are working on!

5 Steps To Memorizing Music

Sight-read through the piece once or twice. (First Day Only)

Begin To Practice: TAKE A SMALL SECTION AT A TIME.

A. Right Hand Alone Figure out:

1. Notes

2. Rhythm-Count out loud

3. Fingering

4. Phrasing

5. Expression

Play many times until memorized.

B. Left Hand Alone Figure out:

1. Notes

2. Rhythm-Count out loud

3. Fingering

4. Phrasing

5. Expression

Play many times until memorized.

C. Hands Together Slowly at First:

Play many times until memorized.

D. Go on to the next small section and learn it the same way.

E. As each section is mastered, connect from the beginning

How to Find Time to Practice Music

Time management is one of the most difficult things facing all of us and it doesn’t get any easier as we age. Finding time to pursue your passion – such as playing music – can be a real challenge and with our daily routines, it can seem almost impossible. I can’t make more time for you but I can provide some tips on how to find and schedule a time to practice your music.

Many people assume that because I am a professional that I must have all the time in the world to practice since it’s my career. Yet it is a constant challenge not just for me but for other professionals.

Likewise, I have a student who just entered the Manhattan School of Music on a scholarship and you would think that because he is at a music conservatory he would have plenty of time to practice; this is not the case even there!

Finding time to practice music is a challenge for everyone. Whether you are a professional, a student, or just a hobbyist; this is a challenge that everyone faces.

Setting a routine for yourself is going to be one of the best ways to schedule out a portion of your day and commit to practicing. If you force yourself to practice at a certain time and schedule your day around if you are much less likely to skip it. You must be strict with yourself and not let distractions get in the way if it’s time to practice you should practice! If you do this enough it will become a part of your day and if you miss it you will feel like you have missed a major part of your life. If practice is important to you then this is something you must do.

Use extra time for practicing – even if it’s only a few minutes. Maybe you have an appointment or a student and they are running late, use those extra few minutes to sit down at your piano and practice. It’s ok if it’s only five or ten minutes, practice is practice and every little bit can help. If you are near your instrument and have a few extra minutes you should definitely try and practice. Put down the smartphone or tablet or turn off the TV and just practice; you’ll be glad you spent those few minutes productively.

Practice your music mentally. I have a whole video dedicated to the subject of Playing Piano With Your Mind. This is a really important way of practicing your music when you can’t get to a piano. Whether you are on a plane, a train, in a car, or lying in bed, wherever you are that you can think about your music and analyze it mentally is a great way to practice. It might sound like a silly concept but this is a very powerful way to enhance your playing.

These are some ways you can improve your habits of practicing music and achieve much more with less time. If you have any comments or suggestions on this topic I would like to hear them. Thanks again for joining us, info@livingpianos.com (949) 244-3729

When Was Music First Written Down?

This is a really interesting question. We have music from centuries ago so it might be easy to think that we pretty much have all the music there must have been created in human civilization (or at least close to it) but this is far from the truth.

For most of history music was not written down. We really have no idea what people played in antiquity – which is really a shame to never be able to know what songs they sang or what beats they played.

Music was actually written down as far back as the 6th Century B.C. in ancient Greece and Rome. The writing in this time was a bit more of a reminder on how to sing the songs rather than precise notation but it was certainly the beginning of writing down music in a digestible form.

The modern system of music notation had its roots in the 11th Century which grew from Gregorian Chants or Plainsong in the church. This is a process of taking liturgical text and singing it. To remind people of how the song is supposed to be sung – the sections where it goes up or down or certain embellishes – there would be squiggly lines and other ornamentations added to the text to direct the singers.

Eventually Guido d’Arezzo decided to draw a single line to make a reference for pitch. Notes would be drawn above and below the line to designate higher or lower pitches. This system was eventually refined and evolved into a more modern system which contained four lines.

If you have the chance you should really check out what notation for Gregorian Chants looks like. It’s very evocative of modern notation but not quite there; there are no bar lines or rhythmic accuracy like we have in today’s notation.

It wasn’t until the end of the 17th century that modern notation began to flourish.

So yes, music was written down thousands of years ago but it really never becomes the modern notation we know today until late into the 17th century. If you have the chance to look at some early notation it’s very fascinating and offers insight into what would eventually become modern music writing. Thanks again for joining me Robert Estrin Robert@LivingPianos.com

What is a Musical Slur? Music Lessons with Robert Estrin

You may find the accompanying video helpful. My wife Florence Estrin demonstrates how to play a slur on the flute as it’s much more complicated to demonstrate on the piano. If you are only able to read the text, I will give you good information about what a slur is.

Slurs are curved lines connecting 2 or more notes:

Note: A curved line that connects 2 notes that are the same is not a slur but a tie which makes the 2 notes into one long note.

Slurs indicate to a wind player when to use the tongue to delineate the beginning of notes and when to connect the notes on the breath. To put this simply, the tonguing will be on the first note and everything else that follows will be on the breath. Florence provides a great example of this in the video above. She also provides some examples of what it sounds like to play the musical line without slurs – tonguing the beginning of each note as well as providing examples of different phrasing.

When it comes to the piano, the difference between a slur and a non-slurred note is much harder to determine. A true slur as in singing is actually a quick glide between notes. Since this isn’t possible on the piano, overlapping notes slightly is the closest approximation of a slur possible. This is technically not a slur but it’s impossible to play a true slur on the piano; like many things when it comes to this instrument, it’s an illusion. If a phrase is not slurred, you can delineate notes by putting a slight space between each of the notes.

There are many different types of phrasing and shadings within slurs and non-slurs we can explore in future videos. I hope this information is useful to you. If you have any more questions please contact me:

 

Robert Estrin Robert@LivingPianos.com (949) 244-3729

Does Atonality Go Against Nature? The Overtone Series – Atonality Part 2

This week we are presenting Part 2 in our series on Atonality. In Part 1, we gave a Brief Overview of Atonality. Today we are going to go into a bit more depth. The question of whether or not atonality goes against nature is a difficult one which may elicit a strong response in many viewers – both negative and positive. I would love all of your input on this subject and really appreciate any comments or suggestions you have.

Western music is built upon the Overtone Series – which is a fact of nature: all vibrating objects contain color tones. So when you hear a fundamental pitch it actually contains other notes above it. Any vibrating object that produces a pitched sound elicits these overtones – so a string instrument will produce the same series of notes as blowing through a French horn or even a garden hose! It is all the same series of tones. Here is the overtone series:

The intervals start out very large and then get smaller. These intervals are based upon simple relationships. For example, an octave (the first overtone) is just a 2 to 1 relationship. All sound is based upon vibrations so if you play A above middle C on a piano it has 440 vibrations per second. (This is why people speak of tuning to A 440.). Technically your eardrum is vibrating back and forth 440 times per second and it produces the sound of the note A. If you play A an octave higher you produce 880 vibrations per second, exactly twice the number of vibrations per second. That’s why it sounds like the same note. A perfect 5th (the second overtone) forms a 3 to 2 relationship.

A minor second is a very dissonant interval with a 16 to 15 relationship. The more distant the mathematical relationship of notes, the more dissonant they sound. Why is this? Because the human brain has trouble making mathematical sense out of more distant relationships of tones. So this is why some intervals of notes are harder to figure out than others. Clashing notes are referred to as sounding dissonant. Here is a chart of the mathematical relationship of musical intervals:

Unison (2 of the same note)              1/1

Octave                                                           2/1

Perfect 5th                                                  3/2

Perfect 4th                                                  4/3

Major 3rd                                                    5/4

Major 6th                                                    5/3

Major 7th                                                   15/8

Minor 7th                                                   9/5

Major 2nd                                                   9/8

Minor 2nd                                                  16/15

Tri-tone                                                        135/128

So, to some extent atonality going against nature and and is hard for the brain to digest. If you consider that the universe is constructed in an orderly manner – that there are inherent relationships between everything living and nonliving that can be organized down to a molecular level – than atonality goes against nature as it does not have tight formal relationships the way tonal music does. On the other hand, if you believe that the universe is chaotic and that many things are related only by random chance encounters which we seek to find order in, then atonality is simply an expression of the universe.

So the question of whether or not atonality goes against nature is related to how you see the universe itself. Is the universe ordered or chaotic? This is something that man has been grappling with since we first appeared on this earth and no definitive answer is possible. Ultimately we must find order out of chaos to survive in this world and that’s why tonality is so refreshing and easy to digest. Atonality is something that is hard to digest and challenging, yet some people find order within the chaos. The challenge of finding structure amidst the randomness that surrounds our everyday lives is what keeps us engaged in both art and life itself.

So the appreciation of atonal music ultimately comes down to your intellectual capacity of making order out of chaos. Some people prefer things to be more coherent while others enjoy the challenge of dealing with more randomness. What type of person you are will determine whether or not you enjoy or abhor atonal music. It also comes down to the level of sophistication of the listener because music is a language that must be learned.

Thanks again for joining me Robert Estrin Robert@LivingPianos.com. I would love to hear from all of you and get your thoughts on this subject.